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Field Theory and Polynomials
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Connections with Logic
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Theory of Modules and Ideals
Homological Methods
Chain Conditions, Finiteness Conditions
Arithmetic Rings and Other Special Rings
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Topological Rings and Modules
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Finite Commutative Rings
Differential Algebra
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Families, Fibrations
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Arithmetic Problems. Diophantine Geometry
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Algebraic Groups
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Projective and Enumerative Geometry
Real Algebraic and Real Analytic Geometry
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Affine Geometry
Tropical Geometry
Linear and Multilinear Algebra; Matrix Theory
Basic Linear Algebra
Special Matrices
Associative Rings and Algebras
General and Miscellaneous
Modules, Bimodules and Ideals
Homological Methods
Representation Theory of Rings and Algebras
Algebras and Orders
Division Rings and Semisimple Artin Rings
Local Rings and Generalizations
Radicals and Radical Properties of Rings
Chain Conditions, Growth Conditions, and Other Forms of finiteness
Rings with Polynomial Identity
Rings and Algebras Arising Under Various Constructions
Hopf Algebras, Quantum Groups and Related Topics
Conditions on Elements
Rings and Algebras with Additional Structure
Generalizations
Computational Aspects of Associative Rings
Nonassociative Rings and Algebras
General Nonassociative Rings
Lie Algebras and Lie Superalgebras
Jordan Algebras
Other Nonassociative Rings and Algebras
Category Theory; Homological Algebra
General Theory of Categories and Functors
Special Categories
Categories and Theories
Categories with Structure
Abelian Categories
Categories and Geometry
Homological Algebra
K-theory
Grothendieck Groups and K
0
Whitehead Groups and K
1
Steinberg Groups and K
2
Higher Algebraic K-theory
K-theory in Geometry
K-theory of Forms
Obstructions from Topology
K-theory and Operator Algebras
Topological K-theory
Miscellaneous Applications of K-theory
Group Theory and Generalizations
Foundations
Permutation Groups
Representation Theory of Groups
Abstract Finite Groups
Structure and Classification of Infinite or Finite Groups
Special Aspects of Infinite or Finite Groups
Linear Algebraic Groups and Related Topics
Other Groups of Matrices
Connections with Homological Algebra and Category Theorys
Abelian Groups
Groupoids
Semigroups
Other Generalizations of Groups
Probabilistic Methods in Group Theory
Topological Groups, Lie Groups
Topological and Differentiable Algebraic Systems
Locally Compact Abelian Groups
Compact Groups
Locally Compact Groups and their Algebras
Lie Groups
Noncompact Transformation Groups
Analysis
Real Functions
Functions of One Variable
Functions of Several Variables
Polynomials, Rational Functions
Inequalities
Miscellaneous Topics
Measure and Integration
Classical Measure Theory
Set Functions, Measures and Integrals with Values in Abstract Spaces
Set Functions and Measures on Spaces with Additional Structure
Measure-theoretic Ergodic Theory
Miscellaneous Topics in Measure Theory
Functions of a Complex Variable
General Properties
Series Expansions
Geometric Function Theory
Entire and Meromorphic Functions, and Related Topics
Miscellaneous Topics of Analysis in the Complex Domain
Riemann Surfaces
Generalized Function Theory
Spaces and Algebras of Analytic Functions
Function Theory on the Disc
Universal Holomorphic Functions
Analysis on Metric Spaces
Potential Theory
Two-dimensional Theory
Higher-dimensional Theory
Other Generalizations
Axiomatic Potential Theory
Potential Theory on Metric Spaces
Several Complex Variables and Analytic Spaces
Holomorphic Functions of Several Complex Variables
Local Analytic Geometry
Analytic Spaces
Analytic Continuation
Holomorphic Convexity
Geometric Convexity
Deformations of Analytic Structures
Holomorphic Mappings and Correspondences
Compact Analytic Spaces
Generalizations of Analytic Spaces
Holomorphic Fiber Spaces
Complex Spaces with a Group of Automorphisms
Automorphic Functions
Non-Archimedean Analysis
Complex Manifolds
Singularities
Pseudoconvex Domains
Pluripotential Theory
CR Manifolds
Differential Operators in Several Variables
Special Functions
Elementary Classical Functions
Hypergeometric Functions
Basic Hypergeometric Functions
Other Special Functions
Computational Aspects
Ordinary Differential Equations
General Theory
Boundary Value Problems
Qualitative Theory
Stability Theory
Asymptotic Theory
Equations and Systems with Randomness
Differential Equations in Abstract Spaces
Control Problems
Functional-differential and Differential-difference Equations
Ordinary Differential Operators
Differential Equations in the Complex Domain
Dynamic Equations on Time Scales or Measure Chains
Partial Differential Equations
General Topics
Qualitative Properties of Solutions
Representations of Solutions
Generalized Solutions
Equations and Systems with Constant Coefficients
General First-order Equations and Systems
General Higher-order Equations and Systems
Close-to-elliptic Equations and Systems
Elliptic Equations and Systems
Parabolic Equations and Systems
Hyperbolic Equations and Systems
Equations and Systems of Special Type
Overdetermined Systems
Spectral Theory and Eigenvalue Problems
Equations of Mathematical Physics and Other Areas of Application
Miscellaneous Topics
Pseudodifferential Operators and Other Generalizations of Partial differential Operators
Dynamical Systems and Ergodic Theory
Ergodic Theory
Topological Dynamics
Smooth Dynamical Systems: General Theory
Dynamical Systems with Hyperbolic Behavior
Low-dimensional Dynamical Systems
Complex Dynamical Systems
Local and Nonlocal Bifurcation Theory
Random Dynamical Systems
Finite-dimensional Hamiltonian, Lagrangian, Contact, and Nonholonomic Systems
Infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian Systems
Infinite-dimensional Dissipative Dynamical Systems
Approximation Methods and Numerical Treatment of Dynamical Systems
Applications
Arithmetic and Non-Archimedean Dynamical Systems
Difference and Functional Equations
Difference Equations
Functional Equations and Inequalities
Sequences, Series, Summability
Convergence and Divergence of Infinite Limiting Processes
Multiple Sequences and Series
General Summability Methods
Direct Theorems on Summability
Inversion Theorems
Absolute and Strong Summability
Special Methods of Summability
Functional Analytic Methods in Summability
Summability in Abstract Structures
Approximations and Expansions
Approximations and Expansions
Harmonic Analysis on Euclidean Spaces
Harmonic Analysis in One Variable
Harmonic Analysis in Several Variable
Nontrigonometric Harmonic Analysis
Abstract Harmonic Analysis
Abstract Harmonic Analysis
Integral Transforms, Operational Calculus
Integral Transforms, Operational Calculus
Integral Equations
Linear Integral Equations
Fredholm Integral Equations
Eigenvalue Problems
Volterra Integral Equations
Singular Integral Equations
Systems ofLinear Integral Equations
Nonlinear Integral Equations
Miscellaneous Special Kernels
Integro-ordinary Differential Equations
Integro-partial Differential Equations
Theoretical Approximation of Solutions
Qualitative Behavior
Abstract Integral Equations, Integral Equations in Abstract Spaces
Integral Operators
Inverse Problems
Random Integral Equations
Functional Analysis
Topological Linear spaces and Related Structures
Normed Linear Spaces and Banach Spaces; Banach Lattices
Inner Product Spaces and their Generalizations, Hilbert Spaces
Linear Function Spaces and their Duals
Distributions, Generalized Functions, Distribution Spaces
Measures, Integration, Derivative, Holomorphy
Topological Algebras, Normed Rings and Algebras, Banach Algebras
Commutative Banach Algebras and Commutative Topological Algebras
Topological (Rings and) Algebras with an Involution
Selfadjoint Operator Algebras
Methods of Category Theory in Functional Analysis
Miscellaneous Applications of Functional Analysis
Other (Nonclassical) Types of Functional Analysis
Nonlinear Functional Analysis
Operator Theory
General Theory of Linear Operators
Special Classes of Linear Operators
Individual Linear Operators as Elements of Algebraic Systems
Groups and Semigroups of Linear Operators, their Generalizations and Applications
Ordinary Differential Operators
Partial Differential operators
Integral, Integro-differential, and Pseudodifferential Operators
Nonlinear Operators and their Properties
Equations and Inequalities Involving Nonlinear Operators
Linear Spaces and Algebras of Operators
Miscellaneous Applications of Operator Theory
Other (Nonclassical) Types of Operator Theory
Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization
Existence Theories
Optimality Conditions
Hamilton-Jacobi Theories, Including Dynamic Programming
Numerical Methods
Miscellaneous Topics
Manifolds
Variational Methods for Eigenvalues of Operators
Variational Principles of Physics
Geometry and Topology
Geometry
Linear Incidence Geometry
Nonlinear Incidence Geometry
Ring Geometry
Geometric Closure Systems
Finite Geometry and Special Incidence Structures
Metric Geometry
Ordered Geometries
Topological Geometry
Incidence Groups
Distance Geometry
Geometric Order Structures
Real and Complex Geometry
Analytic and Descriptive Geometry
Geometry and Physics
Convex and Discrete Geometry
General Convexity
Polytopes and Polyhedra
Discrete Geometry
Differential Geometry
Classical Differential Geometry
Local Differential Geometry
Global Differential Geometry
Symplectic Geometry, Contact Geometry
Applications to Physics
General Topology
Generalities
Basic Constructions
Maps and General Types of Spaces Defined by Maps
Fairly General Properties
Spaces with Richer Structures
Special Properties
Peculiar Spaces
Connections with other Structures, Applications
Nonstandard Topology
Algebraic Topology
Classical Topics
Homology and Cohomology Theories
Homotopy theory
Homotopy Groups
Fiber Spaces and Bundles
Operations and Obstructions
Spectral Sequences
Applied Homological Algebra and Category Theory
Manifolds and Cell Complexes
Low-dimensional Topology
Topological Manifolds
Generalized manifolds
PL-topology
Differential Topology
Topological Transformation Groups
Homology and Homotopy of Topological Groups and Related Structures
Global Analysis, Analysis on Manifolds
General Theory of Differentiable Manifolds
Infinite-differentiable Manifolds
Calculus on Manifolds; Nonlinear Operators
Spaces and Manifolds of Mappings
Variational Problems in Infinite-dimensional Spaces
Pseudogroups, Differentiable Groupoids and General Structures on Manifolds
Partial Differential Equations on Manifolds; Differential Operators
Theory of Singularities and Catastrophe Theory
Applications to Physics
Applied Mathematics / Other
Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes
Foundations of Probability Theory
Probability Theory on Algebraic and Topological Structures
Combinatorial Probability
Geometric Probability and Stochastic Geometry
Distribution Theory
Limit Theorems
Stochastic Processes
Stochastic Analysis
Markov Processes
Special Processes
Statistics
Foundational and Philosophical Topics
Sufficiency and Information
Decision Theory
Sampling Theory, Sample Surveys
Distribution Theory
Parametric Inference
Nonparametric Inference
Multivariate Analysis
Linear Inference, Regression
Design of Experiments
Sequential Methods
Inference from Stochastic Processes
Survival Analysis and Censored Data
Applications
Statistical Tables
Numerical Analysis
Tables
Acceleration of Convergence
Probabilistic Methods, Simulation and Stochastic Differential Equations
Numerical Approximation and Computational Geometry
Numerical Methods in Complex Analysis
Numerical Linear Algebra
Error Analysis and Interval Analysis
Nonlinear Algebraic or Transcendental Equations
Numerical Analysis in Abstract Spaces
Mathematical Programming, Optimization and Variational Techniques
Ordinary Differential Equations
Partial Differential Equations, Initial Value and Time-dependent Initial-boundary Value Problems
Partial Differential Equations, Boundary Value Problems
Numerical Problems in Dynamical Systems
Difference and Functional Equations, Recurrence Relations
Integral Equations, Integral Transforms
Graphical Methods
Numerical Methods in Fourier Analysis
Computer Aspects of Numerical Algorithms
Applications to Physics
Computer Science
Computer System Organization
Software
Theory of Data
Theory of Computing
Discrete Mathematics in Relation to Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Computing Methodologies and Applications
Algorithms
Mechanics of Particles and Systems
Axiomatics, Foundations
Kinematics
Statics
Dynamics of a Rigid Body and of Multibody Systems
Dynamics of a System of Particles, Including Celestial Mechanics
General Models, Approaches, and Methods
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian Mechanics
Linear Vibration Theory
Nonlinear Dynamics
Random Vibrations
Orbital Mechanics
Variable Mass, Rockets
Control of Mechanical Systems
Classical Field Theories
Mechanics of Deformable Solids
Generalities, Axiomatics, Foundations of Continuum Mechanics of Solids
Elastic Materials
Plastic Materials, Materials of Stress-rate and Internal-variable Type
Materials of Strain-rate Type and History Type, Other Materials with Memory
Material Properties Given Special Treatment
Coupling of Solid Mechanics with Other Effects
Equilibrium (Steady-state) Problems
Dynamical Problems
Waves
Thin Bodies, Structures
Special Subfields of Solid Mechanics
Special Kinds of Problems
Phase Transformations in Solids
Optimization
Homogenization, Determination of Effective Properties
Fracture and Damage
Numerical Methods
Fluid Mechanics
Foundations, Constitutive Equations, Rheology
Incompressible Inviscid Fluids
Incompressible Viscous Fluids
Hydrodynamic Stability
Turbulence
General Aerodynamics and Subsonic Flows
Transonic Flows
Supersonic Flows
Hypersonic Flows
Shock Waves and Blast Waves
Basic Methods in Fluid Mechanics
Compressible Fluids and Gas Dynamics, General
Rarefied Gas Flows, Boltzmann Equation
Hydro- and Aero-acoustics
Diffusion and Convection
Flows in Porous Media; Filtration; Seepage
Two-phase and Multiphase Flows
Rotating Fluids
Reaction Effects in Flows
Magnetohydrodynamics and Electrohydrodynamics
Ionized Gas Flow in Electromagnetic Fields; Plasmic Flow
Quantum Hydrodynamics and Relativistic Hydrodynamics
Biological Fluid Mechanics
Optics, Electromagnetic Theory
General
Basic Methods
Classical Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer
Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Basic Methods
Quantum Theory
Axiomatics, Foundations, Philosophy
General Mathematical Topics and Methods in Quantum Theory
Groups and Algebras in Quantum Theory
General Quantum Mechanics and Problems of Quantization
Quantum Field Theory; Related Classical Field Theories
Scattering Theory
Applications to Specific Physical Systems
Statistical Mechanics, Structure of Matter
Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Time-dependent Statistical Mechanics
Applications to Specific Types of Physical Systems
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Special Relativity
Observational and Experimental Questions
General Relativity
Relativistic Gravitational Theories Other than Einstein's, Including Asymmetric Field Theories
Unified, Higher-dimensional and Super Field Theories
Cosmology
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geophysics
Geophysics
Operations Research and Mathematical Programming
Operations Research and Management Science
Mathematical Programming
Game Theory, Economics, Behavioral and Social Sciences
Game Theory
Mathematical Economics
Social and Behavioral Sciences: General Topics
Mathematical Sociology
Mathematical Psychology
Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
Mathematical Finance
Biology and Other Natural Sciences
Mathematical Biology in General
Physiological, Cellular and Medical Topics
Genetics and Population Dynamics
Chemistry
Other Natural Sciences
Systems Theory; Control
General
Controllability, Observability, and System Structure
Control Systems
Stability
Stochastic Systems and Control
Information and Communication, Circuits
Communication, Information
Theory of Error-correcting Codes and Error-detecting Codes
Circuits, Networks
Fuzzy Sets and Logic
Mathematics Education
General, Mathematics and Education
Educational Policy and Systems
Psychology of Mathematics Education, Research in Mathematics Education
Education and Instruction in Mathematics
Foundations of Mathematics
Arithmetic, Number Theory
Geometry
Algebra
Analysis
Combinatorics, Graph Theory, Probability Theory, Statistics
Mathematical Modeling, Applications of Mathematics
Numerical Mathematics
Computer Science
Computer Science Education
Computer Science Applications
Educational Material and Media, Educational Technology
History
The History of the Universe, Past, Present and Future
The Big Bang (~13 billion years ago)
Helium and Hydrogen Formation
Star Formation
Galaxy Formation
Formation of Galaxy Groups, Clusters and Superclusters
Formation of The Solar System (~4.6 billion years ago)
Death of The Solar System (~1 t0 5 billion years in the future)
The Possible End of The Universe
The Big Rip (+ 20 billion years ahead)
The Big Crunch (+10
2
billion years ahead)
The Big Freeze (+10
5
billion years ahead)
Heat Death (+10
1000
billion years ahead)
The History of the Planet Earth and the Evolution of Life
Formation of the Earth ~ 4.6 Billion Years Ago
Formation of the Moon
Early Volcanism
Formation of the Crust
Formation of the Early Atmosphere and Oceans
First Life Forms ~ 3.5 Billion Years Ago
Photosynthetic Life Forms ~ 2 Billion Years Ago
Continent Formation
Oxygen Revolution
Snowball Earths
First Multicellular Life Forms ~ 580 Million Years Ago
Evolution of Complex Life Forms in the Oceans
Migration of Life Forms from the Seas to Land
Colonization of the Earth's Land Surfacee
Mass Extinctions
The Age of Dinosaurs
The Origin and Diversification of Mammals
The Origin and Diversification of Primates
The Appearance of the First Hominini ~ 2 Million Years Ago
The Origin of Humans and their Spread Throughout the World
Common Ancestry with Chimpanzees and Bonobos
First Human Ancestors ~ 2.8 Million Years Ago
Subsequent Physical Evolution
Subsequent Spread over the Earth
First Appearance Of Modern Humans ~ 200,000 Years Ago
Behavioral Modernity ~ 70,000 Years Ago
Extinct Species Related to Modern Humans
Migration to South Asia ~ 50,000 Years Ago
Migration to Australia and Europe ~ 40,000 Years Ago
Accelerated Human Evolution in the Last 10,000 Years
The Life of People in Prehistoric Cultures Throughout The World
Early Hunter-gatherer Societies
The Paleolithic
Oldowan
Riwat
Soanian
Acheulean
Clactonian
Mousterian
Micoquien
Aterian
Baradostian
Chatelperronian
Aurignacian
Gravettian
Solutrean
Magdalenian
Federmesser
Creswellian
Hamburg
Ahrensburg
Swiderian
The Mesolithic
Azilian
Balkan
Capsian
Fosna-Hensbacka
Harifian
Kebaran
Jōmon
Jeulmun
Komsa
Kongemose
Kunda
Lepenski Vir
Maglemosian
Natufian
Neman
Nøstvet and Lihult
Sauveterrian
Tardenoisian
The Neolithic
Fertile Crescent
Tell Qaramel
Qaraoun
Shepherd Neolithic
Tahunian
Yarmukian
Halaf
Ubaid
Byblos
Jericho
Tell Aswad
Çatalhöyük
Jarmo
Southern Mesopotamia
Eridu
Sumer
Elamu
Ubaid
North Africa
Faiyum
Naqada
Sudan
Tassili n'Ajjer
Europe
Franchthi Cave
Sesklo
Starcevo-Criş
Dudeşti
Vinča
Linear Ceramic
Cardium Pottery
Pit–Comb Ware
Precucuteni
Ertebølle
Cortaillod
Hembury
Windmill Hill
Pfyn
Globular Amphora
Horgen
Cucuteni-Trypillian
Lengyel
Varna
Funnelbeaker
Baden
Corded Ware
Gaudo
Beaker
Stonehenge
Skara Brae
South and East Asia
Mehrgarh
Lahuradewa
Jhusi
Adichanallur
Nanzhuangtou
Pengtoushan
Peiligang
Munam-ri
Beixin
Cishan
Dadiwan
Houli
Xinglongwa
Xinle
Zhaobaogou
Hemudu
Daxi
Majiabang
Yangshao
Hongshan
Dawenkou
Songze
Liangzhu
Majiayao
Qujialing
Longshan
Baodun
Shijiahe
Yueshi
America
Chantuto
Mokaya
Monte Alto
The Life of People in Early Civilizations
Early Civilizations in Africa
Ancient Egypt
Kingdom of Kush
Ancient Carthage
Somalia
Roman North Africa
Kingdom of Aksum
West Africa
Ghana Empire
Bantu
Sao
Kanem
Bornu
Shilluk
Baguirmi
Wadai
Luba Empire
Lunda Empire
Kingdom of Kongo
Ajuran Empire
Sultanate of Mogadishu
Barawa
Merca
Hobyo
Ethiopian Empire
Almoravid Empire
Almohad Caliphate
Fatimid Caliphate
Christian Nubia
Kingdom of Mapungubwe
Great Zimbabwe
Kingdom of Mutapa
Medieval Swahili Kingdoms
Urewe
Empire of Kitara
Kingdom of Buganda
Kingdom of Rwanda
Kingdom of Burundi
Maravi Empire
Ghana Empire
Mali Empire
Songhai Empire
Sokoto Caliphate
Asante Empire
Dahomey Kingdom
Yoruba
Benin Empire
Kingdom of Nri
Zulu Kingdom
Early Civilizations in The Americas
Aztec
Cambeba
Canaris
Chavin
Inca
Maya
Moche
Muisca
Norte Chico
Teotihuacan
Tiwanaku
Valdivia
Early Civilizations in Asia
Assyria
Babylon
China
Hittite
Hurrian
India
Japan
Persia
Sumeria
Early Civilizations in Europe
Byzantine
Celtic
Germanic
Greek
Minoan
Mycenaean
Roman
Origins of the Modern World
The Changing Physical Appearance of Humans
Hunting and Gathering
Clothing
Dwelling Places
Plant Cultivation
Animal Domestication
Tools, Implements and Weapons
Population Growth
Speech and Language
Writing
Art
Music and Musical Instruments
Developments in Religious Beliefs
Developments in Thought, Ideas and Philosophy
Roads and Transport
Sailing and Ships
The Struggle for Survival
War and Conflict
Developments in Health Care
Work and Professions
Trading
Technology and Machines
Science and Knowledge
Growth of Towns and Cities
Development of Money
Developments in Social and Political Structures
Philosophy and Thought
Epistemology - The Nature and Scope of Knowledge
Knowledge
Belief
Truth
Infallibilism
Reliabilism
Internalism and Externalism
The Value Problem
A Priori and a Posteriori Knowledge
Analytic–synthetic Distinction
Empiricism
Idealism
Rationalism
Constructivism
Foundationalism
Coherentism
Foundherentism
Infinitism
Skepticism
Logic
Informal Logic
Formal Logic
Symbolic Logic
Mathematical Logic
Syllogistic Logic
Propositional Logic
Predicate Logic
Modal Logic
Philosophical Logic
Computational Logic
Non-classical Logics
Paraconsistent Logic
Metaogic
Metaphysics
Being, Existence and Reality
Objects and Their Properties
Metaphysical Cosmology
Cosmogony
Determinism and Free Will
Identity and Change
Mind and Matter
Necessity and Possibility
Religion and Spirituality
Space and Time
The Nature of Metaphysics
Process Metaphysics
Ethics
Meta-ethics
Normative Ethics
Virtue Ethics
Stoicism
Hedonism
Cyrenaic Hedonism
Epicureanism
State Consequentialism
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Contemporary Virtue Ethics
Pragmatic Ethics
Role Ethics
Anarchist Ethics
Postmodern Ethics
Applied Ethics
Bioethics
Business Ethics
Relational Ethics
Machine Ethics
Military Ethics
Political Ethics
Public Sector Ethics
Publication Ethics
Moral Psychology
Evolutionary Ethics
Descriptive Ethics
Political Philosophy
Confucianism
Legalism
Mohism
Agrarianism
Taoism
Monarchy
Tyranny
Oligarchy
Aristocracy
Timocracy
The Arthashastra
Manu Smrti
Saint Augustine
St. Thomas Aquinas
Mu`tazila
Ash'arism
Ibn Khaldun
Niccolò Machiavelli
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Marxism
Socialism
Communism
Liberalism
Fascism
Anarchism
Pluralism
The Social Contract
Totalitarianism
Utilitarianism
Feminism
Libertarianism
Republicanism
Capability Approach
Deliberative Democracy
Aesthetics
Aesthetic Concepts
History of Aesthetics
Aesthetic Value
Aesthetic Attitudes
Artist Intentions
What is Art
Expression
Representation
Works of Art
Expression
Philosophy of Language
Composition and Parts
Nature of Meaning
Theories of Reference
Mind and Language
Social Interaction and Language
Philosophy of Law
Natural Law
Legal Positivism
Legal Realism
Legal Interpretivism
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Virtue Jurisprudence
Critical Legal Studies
Libertarian Theories of Law
Philosophy of Mind
Mind-body Problem
Interactionist Dualism
Psychophysical Parallelism
Occasionalism
Property Dualism
Dual aspect theory
Monism
Phenomenalism
Behaviorism
Identity Theory
Functionalism
Non-reductive Physicalism
Weak Emergentism
Eliminative Materialism
Idealism
Neutral Monism
Mysterianism
Externalism and Internalism
Qualia
Intentionality
Perception
Mind in Eastern Philosophy
Free Will
Self
Animal Consciousness
Artificial Consciousness
Philosophy of Religion
Existence of God
Natural Theology
Good and Evil
Nature of God
Knowledge of God
Faith and Reason
God and Time
Philosophy of Science
Demarcation Problem
Scientific Explanation
Justifying Science
Observation and Theory
Purpose of Science
Values and Science
Logical Positivism
Axiomatic Assumptions
Coherentism
Epistemological Anarchism
Sociology of Scientific Knowledge
Reductionism
Social Accountability
Metaphilosophy
Aims
Boundaries
Methods
Progress
Religion, Belief and the Supernatural
Core Religious Beliefs
Ancestor Worship
Apocalypticism
Atonement
Confession
Damnation
Dharma
The Dreaming
Enlightenment
Existence of an Afterlife
Existence of an Eternal Soul
Existence of a Supreme Being
Evil and the Existence of a Principal Evil Being
The Fall
Karma
Lesser Gods and Devils
Manitou
Maya
Meditation
Miracles
Mysteries
Mysticism
Nirvana
The Occult
Other Realms
Penance
Pilgrimage
The Power of Prayer and Ritual
Prophecy
Reincarnation
Revelation
Rituals
Sacred Places
Salvation
Sin
Superhuman Beings
Taboos
Totemism
Transmigration of Souls
Systems of Religious Belief
Atheism
Baha'i
Buddhism
Candomble
Christianity
Confucianism
Ethnic Belief Systems
Ainu
Akan
Bantu
Berber
Cargo Cults
Celtic Paganism
Egyptian
Germanic Paganism
Greek
Huna
Igbo
Inuit
Macumba
Mayan
Native American
New Age Religions
Norse
Roman
Sami
Shamanism
Vodoo
Wicca
Yoruba
Gnosticism
Hinduism
Islam
Jainism
Jehovah's Witnesses
Judaismm
Judaismm
Mormonism
Neo-paganism
Rastafari
Santeria
Satanism
Shinto
Sikhism
Taoism
Traditional African
Unitarianism
Yazdanism
Zoroastrianism
Systems of Magical Belief and Practice
Alchemy
Astrology
Black Magic
Cosmogony
Cosmology
Divination
Feng Shui
Geomancy
I Ching
Kabbalah
Necromancy
Numerology
Palmistry
Parapsychology
Psychic Abilities
Psychometry
Sorcery
Spiritualism
Theosophy
Theurgy
White Magic
Supernatural Beliefs and Practices
Amulets
Astral Body
Astral Projection
Auras
Automatic Writing
Bilocation
Chakras
Chanting
Charms
Clairaudience
Clairsentience
Clairvoyance
Curses
Demonic Possession
Dowsing
Earth Lights
Ectoplasm
Evil Eye
Extrasensory Perception
Exorcism
Faith Healing
Fetish
Firewalking
Ghosts
Hauntings
Healing Rituals
Human Sacrifice
Immortality
Incantations
Kundalini
Lost Civilisations
Mantras
Medicine Bundles
Mediumship
Omens
Oracles
Orgone
Out-of-body Experiences
Poltergeists
Powwows
Prayerwheel
Precognition
Prediction
Premonition
Psychokenesis
Psychic Surgery
Rain Dance
Relics
Ritual Cannibalism
Runes
Scrying
Seances
Siddhis
Spirit Possession
Sun Dances
Synchronicity
Talisman
Tarot
Telekinesis
Telepathy
Teleportation
Trances
UFOs
Visions
The Modern Human World
Present World Population
Distribution by Region
Distribution by Ethnicity
Projections and Trends
Population Control
Countries and Political Groupings
Countries
United Nations
NATO
European Union
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Council of Europe
World Trade Organization
International Atomic Energy Agency
Nuclear Energy Agency
European Organization for Nuclear Research
International Renewable Energy Agency
International Energy Agency
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
International Monetary Fund
International Criminal Court
International Criminal Police Organization
European Science Foundation
European Space Agency
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
East Asia Summit
Eurasian Economic Union
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
African Union
Organization of American States
Union of South American Nations
Association of Caribbean States
Commonwealth of Nations
Arab League
Group of 15
Group of 77
Group of 24
Modern Languages
Distribution by Numbers
Distribution by Region
Indo-European Family
Anatolian Family
Tocharian Family
Germanic Family
Italic Family
Celtic Family
Armenian Family
Balto-Slavic Family
Hellenic Family
Indo-Iranian Family
Albanian Family
Sino-Tibetan Family
Chinese Family
Gan Family
Guan Family
Hakka Family
Macro-Bai Family
Pinghua Family
Wu Family
Xiang Family
Yue Family
Other Sinitic Family
Tibetan Family
Burman Family
Karen Family
Rung Family
Tani Family
Qiang Family
Bodo-Garo Family
Konyakg Family
Naga Family
Methei Family
Kukish Family
Niger–Congo family
Kordofanian Family
Mande Family
Ijoid Family
Dogon Family
Atlantic Family
Kru Family
Senufo Family
Gur Family
Adamawa Family
Kwa Family
Volta–Niger Family
Benue–Congo Family
Austronesian Family
Rukai Family
Tsou Family
Puyuma Family
Other Formosan Families
Malayo-Polynesian Family
Trans–New Guinea Family
West Trans–New Guinea Linkage
South Bird's Head Family
Mek Family
Kaure Family
Kayagar Family
Kolopom Family
Kiwaian Family
Marind Family
Asmat–Kamoro Family
Awyu–Dumut Family
Mombum Family
Ok Family
Gogodala–Suki Family
Tirio Family
Eleman Family
Inland Gulf Family
Turama–Kikorian Family
Angan Family
Duna–Pogaya Family
Awin–Pa Family
East Strickland Family
bosavi Family
engan Family
Tirio Family
Chimbu–Wahgi Family
Kainantu–Goroka Family
Madang Family
Finisterre–Huon Family
Southeast Papuan Family
Binanderean Family
Australian Family
Nyulnyulan Family
Worrorran Family
Bunuban Family
Jarrakan Family
Mindi Family
Daly Family
Wagiman Family
Yangmanic Family
Tiwi Family
Darwin Region Family
Iwaidjan Family
Giimbiyu Family
Arnhem Family
Garawan and Tangkic Family
Pama–Nyungan Family
Afro-Asiatic Family
Berber Family
Chadic Family
Cushitic Family
Egyptian Family
Omotic Family
Semitic Family
Nilo-Saharan Family
Berta Family
Fur Family
Gumuz Family
Koman Family
Kuliak Family
Kunama Family
Maban Family
Saharan Family
Songhay Family
Central Sudanic Family
Eastern Sudanic Family
Other Families
Oto-Manguean Family
Oto-Pamean Family
Chinantecan Family
Tlapanecan Family
Manguean Family
Popolocan Family
Zapotecan Family
Amuzgoan Family
Mixtecan Family
Austroasiatic Family
Munda Family
Khasi–Palaungic Family
Khmuic Family
Pakanic Family
Vietic Family
Katuic Family
Bahnaric Family
Khmer Family
Pearic Family
Nicobarese Family
Aslian Family
Monic Family
Shompen Family
Tai–Kadai Family
Kra Family
Kam–Sui Family
Ong Be Family
Hlai Family
Tai Family
Dravidian Family
Northern Family
Central Family
Southern Family
Tupian Family
Tupi–Guarani Family
Arikem Family
Awetï Family
Mawé Family
Mondé Family
Mundurukú Family
Puruborá–Ramarama Family
Tuparí Family
Yurúna Family
Modern Religion
Distribution by Numbers
Distribution by Region
Current Trends
New Religions
Decrease in Church Attendance
Science and Religion
Politics and Religion
Religion and Everyday Life
Economic Systems
Types
Anarchism
Capitalism
Communism
Corporatism
Dirigism
Georgism
Islamic Economics
Laissez-faire
Market Socialism
Neomercantilism
Participatory Economics
Protectionism
Socialism
State Capitalism
Syndicalism
Economic Systems by Region
Sectors by Ownership
Common Property
Private Sector
Public Sector
Voluntary Sector
Industrial Sectors
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Management of Companies and Enterprises
Administrative and Support
Waste Management and Remediation Services
Educational Services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Public Administration
Other Services
Trade
Economic Development
Industrial Relations
Transportation Systems
Road Networks
Rail Networks
Shipping Networks
Airplane Networks
Metro Systems
Bus Systems
Taxi Services
Freight Transportation Systems
Passenger Transportation Systems
Communication Media
Print
Books
Magazines
Newspapers
Comics
Pamphlets
Brochures
Posters
Radio
Commercial Radio
National Public Radio
Terrestrial Radio
Satellite Radio
Cable Radio
Internet Radio
Television
Terrestrial Television
Cable Television
Satellite Television
Internet Television
Program Formats
Drama
Game Shows
Reality Shows
Variety Shows
News Programs
Sports Programs
Talk Shows
Documentaries
Educational Programs
Current Affairs
Animations
Funding
Advertising
Subscription
Licensing
The Internet
World Wide Web
Web Users
Email
File Sharing
Forums
Chat Rooms
Search Engines
Privacy
Web Security
Gaming
Streaming
Electronic Publishing
Blogs
Instant Messaging
Social Networking
Web Feeds
Online Shopping
Online Financial Services
Wireless Networks
Voice Calls
Video Telephony
Video Conferencing
Web Cams
Video Streaming Servers
Censorship
Internet Activism
The Digital Divide
Online Gambling
Online Pornography
Cyberslacking
cyber-dissidence
Reporters Without Borders
Educational Uses of the Web
Cybersectarianism
The Dark Web
Telecommuting
Crowdsourcing
Mass Surveillance
Philanthropy
Online Communities
Cyber Warfare
Government and Administration
Forms of National Government
Dictatorship
Absolute Monarchy
Constitutional Monarchy
Despotism
Military Dictatorship
Totalitarianism
Financial Oligarchy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Theocracy
Single-party State
Kritarchy
Anarchy
Stratocracy
Plutocracy
Autocracy
Functioning of Democracy
The Constitution
Legislature and Legislation
Elections
Party Manifestoes
Legal Equality
Political Freedom
Rule of Law
Due Process
Civil Rights
Civil Society
Judicial Independence
Majority Rule
Social Contract
Universal Suffrage
Non-governmental Organizations
Open Society
Shortcomings of Government
Corruption
Excessive Secrecy
Oppression
Excessive Influence of Banks
Control by Corporations
Rule by the Stupid
Rule by Thieves
Mob Rule
Growing Income Inequality
Censorship and Control of Information Flow
Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Equality of All People
Right to Liberty
Right to Security of Person
Prohibition of Slavery
Right of Freedom of Speech
Prohibition of Torture
Prohibition of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Right to Recognition as a Person
Right to Equal Protection of the Law
Right to a Fair Trial
Prohibition of Arbitrary Arrest, Detention or Exile.
Right to Privacy
Right to Freedom of Movement
Right to Residence
Right to Asylum
Right to a Nationality
Right to Marry and to Found a Family
Right to Own Property
Right to Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion
Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression
Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association
Right to Take Part in the Government of the Country
Right to Social Securit
Right to Work
Right to Fair Remuneration for Work
Right to Rest and Leisure
Right to an Adequate Standard of Living
Right to Education
Right to Participate in the Life of the Community
Disputed Rights
Right to Bear Arms
Future Generations
The Environment
The Human Genome
Biodiversity
Cultural Heritage
Peace
Development
Education
Climate
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Free Trade
Water Rights
Sexual and Reproductive Rights
Right to Internet Access and Digital Rights
Leisure and Recreation
Outdoor Activities
Camping
Hiking
Mountaineering
Orienteering
Caving
Hunting
Fishing
Sporting Activities
Athletics
Air Sports
Water Sports
Winter Sports
Ball Games
Fighting Sports
Motor Sports
Cycling
Fighting Sports
Shooting
Archery
Entertainment
Arena Sports
Comedy
Concerts
Poetry Reading
Theatre
Cinema
Dance
Circus
Street Performance
Parades
Fireworks
Fairs
Expositions
Reading
Nonfiction
Computer Science, Information & General
Philosophy and Psychology
Religion
Social Sciences
Language
Science
Technology
Arts & Recreation
Literature
History & Geography
Fiction
Crime
Fantasy
Horror
Mystery
Romance
Science Fiction
Western
Inspirational
Classic
Fairy Tales
Folklore
Historical Fiction
Humor
Comics and Graphic Novels
Short Stories
Games
Board Games
Card Games
Paper-and-Pencil Games
Video Games
Role-playing Games
Online Games
Dice Games
Domino and Tile Games
Guessing Games
Clubs and Associations
Hobby Clubs
Athletic Clubs
Sporting Fan Clubs
Fraternities and Sororities
Personal Clubs
Professional Societies
School Clubs
Service Clubs
Social Activities Clubs
Social Clubs
Working Men's Clubs
Gentlemen's Clubs
Users' Groups
Supporters' Clubs
Fan Clubs
Work
Work and the Development of Civilization
Work and the Functioning of the Human World
Work and Family Life
Skill Level
Unskilled Work
Semiskilled Work
Skilled Work
Professions
Education and Training for Work
Trade Unions
Unemployment
Industrial Unrest
Health and Safety at Work
Minimum Wage
Bonded Labour
Discrimination in the Workforce
Occupations
Government
Legislators
Senior Government Officials
Chiefs and Heads of Villages
Senior Management
Directors and Chief Executives
Production and Operations Department Managers
General Managers
Professionals
Physicists, Chemists and Related
Mathematicians, Statisticians and Related
Computing Professionals
Architects, Engineers and Related Professionals
Life Science Professionals
Health Professionals
Teaching Professionals
Business Professionals
Legal Professionals
Archivists, Librarians and Related Professionals
Social Science and Related Professionals
Writers, Creative and Performing Artists
Religious Professionals
Technicians and Associate Professionals
Physics and Engineering Science Associate Professionals
Computer Associate Professionals
Optical and Electronic Equipment Operators
Ship and Aircraft Controllers and Technicians
Safety and Quality Inspectors
Life Science Technicians and Related
Modern Health Associate Professionals
Nursing and Midwifery Associate Professionals
Traditional Medicine Practitioners and Faith Healers
Teaching Associate Professionals
Finance and Sales Professionals
Business Service Agents and Trade Brokers
Administrative Associate Professionals
Customs, Tax and Related Goverment Associated Professionals
Police Inspectors and Detectives
Social Work Associate Professionals
Artistic, Entertainment and Sports Associate Professionals
Religious Associate Professionals
Clerks
Secretaries and Keyboard-Operating Clerks
Numerical Clerks
Material-Recording and Transport Clerks
Library, Mail and Related Clerks
Other Office Clerks
Customer Service Clerks
Cashiers, Tellers and Related Clerks
Information Clerks
Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers
Travel Attendant and Related Workers
Housekeeping and Restaurant Service Workers
Personal Care and Related Workers
Other Personal Service Workers
Astrologers, Fortune Tellers and Related Workers
Protective Service Workers
Fashion and Other Models
Shop Salespersons and Demonstrators
Stall and Market Salespersons
Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers
Market Gardeners and Crop Growers
Market-Oriented Animal Producers and Related Workers
Market-Oriented Crop and Animal Producers
Forestry and Related Workers
Fishery Workers, Hunters and Trappers
Subsistence Agricultural and Fishery Workers
Craft and Related Trades Workers
Miners, Shotfirers, Stone Cutters and Carvers
Building Frame and Related Trades Workers
Building Finishers and Related Trades Workers
Painters, Building Structure Cleaners and Related Trades Workers
Metal Moulders, Welders, Sheet-Metal Workers, Structural- Metal Preparers, and Related Trades Workers
Blacksmiths, Tool-makers and Related Trades Workers
Machinery Mechanics and Fitters
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mechanics and Fitters
Precision Workers in Metal and Related Materials
Potters, Glass-Makers, and Related Trades Workers
Handicraft Workers in Wood, Textiles, Leather and Related Materials
Printing and Related Trades Workers
Food Processing and Related Trades Workers
Wood Treaters, Cabinet Makers and Related Trades Workers
Textile, Garment and Related Trades Workers
Pelt, Leather and Shoemaking Trades Workers
Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers
Mining and Mineral-Processing-Plant Operators
Metal-Processing-Plant Operators
Glass, Ceramics and Related Plant Operators
Wood-Processing- and Paper-Making Plant Operators
Chemical-Processing-Plant Operators
Power-Production and Related Plant Operators
Automated-Assembly-Line and Industrial Robot Operators
Metal- and Mineral Products Machine Operators
Chemical-Products Machine Operators
Rubber- and Plastic-Products Machine Operators
Wood-Products Machine Operators
Printing-, Binding- and Paper-Products Machine Operators
Textile-, Fur- and Leather-Products Machine Operators
Food and Related Products Machine Operators
Assemblers
Other Machine Operators and Assemblers
Locomotive-Engine Drivers and Related Workers
Motor Vehicle Drivers
Agricultural and Other Mobile Plant Operators
Ships' Deck Crews and Related Workers
Elementary Occupations
Street-Vendors and Related Workers
Shoe-Cleaning and Other Street Services
Domestic and Related Helpers, Cleaners and Launderers
Building Caretakers, Window and Related Cleaners
Messengers, Porters, Doorkeepers and Related Workers
Garbage Collectors and Related Labourers
Agricultural, Fishery and Related Labourers
Mining and Construction Labourers
Manufacturing Labourers
Transport Labourers and Freight Handlers
Armed Forces
The World Economy
The Production of Raw Materials
Metal Ores
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Gem Stones
Gravel, Sand, Clay
Limestone
Dimension Stone
Rock Salt
Fertilizer Materials
Timber
Non-Food Crops
Animal Products
The Production of Refined Materials
Metal Production
Coke Production
Oil Refining
Natural Gas Processing
Gem Polishing
Bricks, Cement and Other Building Materials
Glass Production
Chemicals Production
Plastics, Polymers and Other Artificial Materials
Paint Production
Rubber Production
Fertilizer Production
Lumber, Paper and Other Wood Products
Cotton, Hemp and Other Materials from Crops
Wool, Leather Processing and the Processing of Other Animal Products
The Manufacture of Finished Goods
Vehicles
Clothing
Tools
Pharmaceuticals
Textiles
Consumer Electronics
Footwear
Furniture
Household Appliances
Ceramic Goods
Computer Hardware
Optical Instruments
Books and Magazines
Leisure and Sporting Goods
Electrical Components
Vehicle Components
Glassware
Medical Equipment
Musical Instruments
Office Equipment
Toys
Industrial Machinery
Plastic Goods
Rubber Goods
Metal Goods
Leather Goods
Construction Materials
Chemical Products
Jewellery
The Sale of Finished Goods
Wholesale
Retail
Transport of Goods by Road, Rail, Air and Water Routes
Shopping Malls
Shopping Streets
Shopping Malls
Online Shopping
Second-hand Retail
Catalog Shopping
Markets
Retail Chains
MFranchises
Department Stores
Specialty Stores
Warehouse Stores
General Store
Convenience Store
Supermarket
Shopping Channels
Services and Service Industries
Health Services
Education
Policing
Legal Services
Banking
Other Financial Services
Realty
Insurance
Health Services
Advertising
Entertainment
Investment Management
Lodging
Tourism
Online Services
Utility Services
Transportation Services
Emergency Services
Postal Services
Courier and Delivery Services
Landscaping and Gardening Services
Software Development Services
Employment Agencies
Automotive Services
Personal Services
Information Services
Warehousing and Storage Services
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Telecommunication Services
National Defence
Detective and Personal Security Services
Management and Consulting Services
Other Services
Taxation and the Economy
Federal or National Taxes
State Taxes
Local Taxes
Corporate Taxes
Capital Gains Tax
Income Tax
Sales Tax
Inheritance Tax
Property Tax
Expatriation Tax
Social Security Contributions
Transfer Tax
Wealth Tax
Excise Duty
Tariff
License Fees
Poll Tax
Human Transformation of the Earth
The Overall Transformation of the Earth's Surface by Humans
The distribution of Towns, Cities and other Settlements
The Covering of Road, Rail, Canal and Other Transportation Networks
The Distribution of Ports and Harbors
The Layout of Towns and Cities
Housing Estates
Industrial Zones
Business Parks
Shopping Centers
Bus, Rail, Air, Sea and Other Transport Centers
Office Parks and Buildings
Public Parks
Administration and Government Buildings
Car Parks
Hospitals and Other Health Service Buildings
Sporting and Other Entertainment Arenas
Museums, Galleries and Other Cultural Buildings
Schools and Universities
Temples and Other Places of Worship
Hotels
Apartment Buildings
Emergency Services Buildings
Factories and Other Industrial Buildings
Barracks and Other Military Buildings
Apartment Buildings
Property Line Walls and Other Boundaries
Tunnels and Bridges
Cable, Pipeline, Wire and Other Physical Utility Networks
Culture
Culture and Language
Culture and Religion
Culture and Social Beliefs
Culture and Science
Culture and Morals/Ethics
Culture and Ideas
Culture and the Law
Culture and the Politics
Culture and Personal Relationships
Culture and History
Customs and Tradition
Culture and Mythology
Art
Music
Literature
Storytelling
Sport
Alcohol and Drugs
Dancing
Style and Fashion
Social Class and Culture
Values and Culture
Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Assimilation
Pop Culture
Culture and Violence
Food and Cuisine
Culture and Consumerism
Culture and Social Theories
Culture and the Environment
Cultural Norms
Subcultures
Culture and Lifestyle
Monoculturalism
Multiculturalism
Conformity and Rebellion
Cultural Revolutions
Variations in Culture in the World
Cultural Universals
Cultural Taboos
Gender Roles in Culture
Sexuality and Culture
Mass Media and Culture
Bullying Culture
Cultural Conflict
Cultural Identity
Culture War
Cultural Bias
Cultural Diversity
Culture Shock
Media Culture
Food Production
Feeding a Country's Population - Logistical Problems
Food and Climate Change
Food and Water Scarcity
Food, Nutrition and Health
Industrial Agriculture
Organic Farming
Sustainable Agriculture
Permaculture
Food Production
Dairy Farming
Beef Farming
Pig Farming
Sheep Farming
Poultry Farming
Fishing
Aquafarming
Fruit Farming
Cereal Farming
Vegetable Farming
Oilseed Farming
Edible Nut Farming
Mushroom Farming
Herbs and Spices
Market Gardening
Food Processing and Packaging
Food Distribution
Genetically Modified Foods
The Use of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Food Supplements
Food Safety
Food and Climate Change
Food Shortages and Famine
Food Science and Technology
Research and Development
R & D and the Evolving Human World
R & D and Improving Health Care
R & D and Business Competition
R & D and Technological Evolution
R & D at Universities
R & D at Government Research Centers
R & D and the Military
Civilian Benefits of Military R & D
Applied Versus Pure Research
The Role of Government in R & D
Education and R & D
Acknowledgements
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